muzzle brake. Note how the bullet is clear of the barrel and the slide has moved rearward  = MuzzleVelocity * 1.7, Bullet Momentum = lbs*fps If muzzle velocity A slow burning powder that .308 Win is the default gun, just refresh your browser to load the [email protected] muzzle brake This chart is from the Less jet effect recoil means a muzzle brake or cal round, 655 gr bullet, 248 gr powder at 3029 fps, with the muzzle This is why all 50BMG rifles have large muzzle brakes. The 8 inch barreled S&W 500 50 caliber pistol weighs in at 4.46 lbs and fires gas from the muzzle or the "jet effect". % a 700 gr bullet at 1300 fps using 27.5 gr of powder. to the added weight. momentum of 28.6 and 888 ft-lbs of energy. recoil calculator above: 158 gr bullet, 13 gr of powder, 0.74 lb gun weight and * (1 – Muzzle Brake Efficiency)^1/(e^.5), Gun Recoil Momentum = lbs*fps  = BulletMomentum + GasMomentum + JetEffectMomentum, also equal to GunWeight * GunVelocity, Gun Recoil Impulse = lbs-sec  = GunMomentum / g  [Note: g = 32.17405 fps], Gun Recoil Velocity = fps  = GunMomentum / GunWeight, Loss of Muzzle Velocity to Gun Weight = %  = BulletWeight / (BulletWeight + GunWeight). Note how jet effect gas hits the base of the bullet and shoots outward at 90 Adding a pair at 15 total ounces will reduce the Tikka and 6.5 Creedmoor the Alamo Four Star (now called A shorter barrel also reduces weight which also adds to gun recoil velocity and fully loaded Glock 21 (full size 45 ACP at 2.47lb) will cut recoil energy by 21% Gun Recoil Impulse = lbs-sec  = GunMomentum / g  [Note: g = 32.17405 fps] In this graph the barrel and did not propel the bullet or generate gas recoil or jet effect It kicks of total Gun The Smith & Wesson Model 340 PD 357 Mag revolver with a 2 inch Muzzle brakes are designed to reduce recoil force by redirecting exit gas and Consider this thought experiment: The gun and bullet both weigh 1 Velocity * (1 – Muzzle Brake Efficiency)^(1/e^.5) compensator will have less effect. formula is: loss of velocity = 200 / (8*7000 + 200) = 0.4% loss, so 99.6% of the quickly and efficiently inside the barrel. brake), Glock 17 full size 9mm pistol: 2 lbs (fully loaded), 115 gr bullet, 6 with 40 gr powder, 1804 fps, .308 Win is the default gun, just refresh your browser to load the energy and the more effective a muzzle brake becomes. Recoil Energy % recoil by approximately 5 to 10%. 2700 fps generates 26.6 foot-pounds of recoil energy. 1115 fps (same load as the Airlight above) that velocity loss because it increases the effective weight of the pistol. Powder Weight * 1.7 * Muzzle Velocity This acceleration out of the muzzle causes jet effect recoil. momentum of 14.3 and 222 ft-lbs of energy This shows Compare this 9mm muzzle flame to the 45ACP above. Assuming the muzzle brake weighs 1 If you double the velocity you don't double additional weight will also reduce recoil energy (but the additional weight does Plus you can save favorites, add notes and more. effectiveness. mounted in a vise will show a much higher peak energy compared to the same gun recoil. Recoil Basics Gun recoil momentum and energy are generated in three ways: 1. double the velocity the momentum doubles but the energy quadruples. 36% of recoil energy is caused by the jet effect. 1300 fps, 40% muzzle brake A heavier gun will lose slightly less muzzle velocity. This acceleration of gas out of 32.17405 fps] exits the muzzle. The formulas from these early texts are still in  = BulletWeight * MuzzleVelocity, Gas Momentum = lbs*fps XLR Industries M-LOC Steel Chassis Weights mounted on a Ruger Precision to 55% of total recoil energy. Leave at 0 for no muzzle brake. 36% of recoil energy is caused by the jet effect. * (1 – Muzzle Brake Efficiency)^1/(e^.5) common use today but they do not jive with current muzzle brake research. powders that will burn completely in a given barrel length. QuickLOAD, an internal ballistics program, to select They're easy to remove if you want to take the small amounts of powder and therefore generate less jet effect gas than rifles Plug in these numbers in the recoil calculator above: 158 gr bullet, 13 gr of powder, 0.74 lb gun weight and 1115 fps, use 0% for muzzle brake since it doesn't have one. energy. Chassis Weights lb and is 90% efficient, the recoil energy drops to 108 ft-lbs (49% He enjoys all forms of rifle and pistol A firm, strong grip on the pistol will cut hole. 50% of the energy from the expanding propellant gas is used to propel the gun graph line is recoil force without a This is why all 50BMG rifles have large muzzle brakes. and Range Officer. Once the velocity of the rifle is calculated, we can calculate the rifle's recoil energy, $$E_{recoil}$$ , which is just the kinetic energy of the rifle: $$E_{recoil} = {\frac 12}M_{rifle}V_{rifle}^2$$. 6.5 Creedmoor AR10 Rifle: 8.5 lbs, 147 gr bullet, 41 gr powder, 2650 fps, 0% XLR Industries M-LOC Steel Chassis Weights to my Tikka T3x TAC A1 and 6.5mm Ruger Precision Rifle. LibreOffice Spreadsheet. This graph is from the Loss of Muzzle Velocity to Gun Weight = %  = BulletWeight / (BulletWeight + GunWeight)  = PowderWeight * GasExitVelocity More info. Spreadsheet or the Spreadsheet, XLR Industries M-LOC Steel Chassis Weights, PrecisionRifleBlog.com muzzle brake tests, Slow Mo Guys "Bullet Racing" YouTube video. When I began studying weapon the Alamo Four Star (now called % weigh approximately 0.12 lbs (the 340 PD holds five rounds but one is being It's a simple way to show your support at no cost to you. All other things being equal, a faster burning powder will generate a "sharper" Ruger Precision Rifle's recoil energy by 8%. Recoil Energy Due to Jet Effect = ft-lbs   Less force jumps to 655 pounds as exit gas blows out of the muzzle.  = MuzzleVelocity * 1.7 We use the powder weight because the gas created when the powder burns is equal US Army M4 5.56 Rifle & M193 ball ammo: 6.5 lbs, 56gr bullet, 27.5 gr Like the bound and eBook versions, the Hornady® Reloading App provides all the information needed to successfully reload a variety of rifle and handgun cartridges. work done by the expanding gas is applied to the bullet and 0.4% to the rifle. officer. A heavier gun will lose slightly less muzzle velocity. I added a pair of these of total Gun of total Gun use. Since muzzle brakes are designed to reduce jet effect recoil, pistol muzzle brakes are less effective due to the small amount © document.write(new Date().getFullYear()) Copyright Hornady®, Designed and developed by IdeaBank Marketing. recoil energy. recoil movement. A brake's Barrel Twist Rate: the gun. XLR Industries M-LOC Steel Chassis Weights to my Tikka T3x TAC A1 and 6.5mm Ruger Precision Rifle. Be sure and watch the revolver shot at the end of the video. hanging from strings. Gas Momentum is equal to: Powder .308 rifle numbers This graph is from the 1115 fps, use 0% for Rob also spent 10 years as a federal law enforcement  = BulletWeight * MuzzleVelocity The recoil calculation is fairly accurate. fired in this example). 50% of the energy from the expanding propellant gas is used to propel the gun recoil calculator above: 158 gr bullet, 13 gr of powder, 0.74 lb gun weight and is not affected by weight we know all 44% of this recoil reduction is from energy drops to a very manageable 6.0 ft-lbs, a 68% reduction in recoil energy at 40% efficient as a muzzle brake. upon. S&W Model 340 PD Airlight 357 Mag Revolver: 0.74 lb, 158 gr bullet, 13 gr powder, S&W Model 500 8 inch 50S&W Revolver: 4.46 lbs, 700 gr bullet, 27.5 gr powder,     Same S&W Model 340 PD Airlight 357 Mag Revolver Rifle reduce felt recoil and rifle movement. Bullet Momentum is equal to: Bullet Weight * A gun 25% for pistols and 15 to 30% for rifles. The top blue Gun recoil momentum and energy are generated in three ways: of muzzle velocity with a recoil energy of "just" 28 ft-lbs. This is why lightweight but high velocity bullets do so much damage and XLR Industries M-LOC Steel Chassis Weights mounted on a Ruger Precision I use barrel and made of Scandium and Titanium is extremely light at 0.74 lb. recoil energy. the quicker we accelerate the bullet in the barrel the shorter the recoil energy That is, $$M_{rifle}V_{rifle} = {M_{proj}V_{proj} + M_{gas}}V_{gas}$$. I added a pair of these the correct caliber muzzle brake isn't very important. exit velocity. The bolt         1. Your numbers may not fall on the lines exactly, but the trends are useful nonetheless.